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It has been known since the 1930s that Brazil Nuts contain relatively large concentrations of barium (approximately 0.1 – 0.3% by weight) - in our laboratory we measured the barium content in the meat  of the nut at close to 0.3%. That Brazil nuts also contain high levels of radium was first reported in the 1950s  Barium and radium are group II elements and their chemical behavior is very similar. The difference between the barium and the radium is that radium is radioactive. To be specific, the radium in Brazil nuts is a mix of Ra-226 and Ra-228. Of course, the various decay products of Ra-226 and Ra-228 are also present. Although the radioactivity is not high enough to be detectable with a simple survey instrument, a one to five minute count on the powdered meat of the nut with a pancake GM or ZnS detector connected to a scaler will indicate that the beta and alpha activities are significantly above background. Brazil nuts are the seeds of Bertholletia excelsa, a large tree that is grown in various parts of world, not just Brazil. The nuts, in groups of 12 to 25 much like the sections of an orange, form the globular (4-6” diameter) fruit of the tree. It is not true, as is sometimes thought, that the high concentration of radium in Brazil nuts is due to elevated levels of the uranium and/or thorium series in the soil in which the tree grows. The accumulation of the radium (and barium) is due to the very extensive root system of the tree. For what its worth, measurements by Penna-Franca et al indicated that higher radium concentrations are found in the leaves and cork of the tree than in the nut. The brazil nut has a high lipid (ca. 60%) and protein (ca. 15%) content. The calcium content is ca. 0.2%.