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Butter Bean (Phaseolus limensis)

Scientific Classification:

Kingdom:     Plantae

Division:       Magnoliophyta

Class:          Magnoliopsida

Order:          Fabales

Family:        Fabaceae

Subfamily:    Faboideae

Tribe:           Phaseoleae

Genus:         Phaseolus

Species:      P.limesis

Binomal Name: Phaseolus limensis

Legume is grown for its seed which is eaten as a vegetable. It is commonly known as the lima bean or butter bean. It is also known as Haba bean, Pallar bean, Burma bean, Guffin bean, Hibbert bean, Java bean, Sieva bean, Rangood bean, Madagascar bean, Paiga,Paigya, prolific bean, civet bean and sugar bean.

The P.lunatus is of Andean and Mesoamerican origin. The first domestication took place in the Andes around 2000 BC produced a large-seeded variety (Lima type). The second one was most likely in the Mesoamerica around 800 AD which produced a small-seeded variety (Sieva type). By 1301 AD,cultivation had spread to North America. In the sixteenth century the plant arrived and began to be cultivated in the Eastern Hemisphere.

The small-seeded wild form (Sieva type) is found distributed from Mexico to Argentina,generally below 1600 meters above sea level. While the large seeded wild form (Lima type)is found distributed in the north of Peru between320 and 2030 meters above sea level. During the Spanish Vice royalty of Peru, Lima beans were exported to the rest of the Americas and Europe. The name lima-Peru is derived as such.

Pole(vine)grade grown from one to four meters in height. The bush varieties mature earlier than the pole varieties. The pods are up to 15 cm long. The mature seeds are 1 to 3cm long and oval to kidney shaped. In most varieties the seeds are quite flat,but in the "potato" varieties the shape approaches spherical. White seeds are common, but black, red, orange and variously mottled seeds are also known. The immature seeds are uniformly green.

The term butter bean is widely used for a large, flat, and white variety of lima bean (P. lunatus var. macrocarpus, or P. limensis).  

The Southern states of United States the Sieva type are traditionally called Butter Beans, also otherwise known as the Dixie or Henderson type. In that area, Lima beans and butter beans are seen as two distinct types of beans. In the United Kingdom, a "butter bean" is a dried bean which can be purchased either tore-hydrate (in the same manner as dried peas) or as canned (tinned) and ready to use. In culinary use, lima beans and butter beans are distinctly different,the former being small and green, the latter large and yellow. 

Lima beans typically yield 2900 to 5000kilograms of seed and 3000 to 8000 kilograms of biomass per hectare.

Lima beans and butter beans contain linamarin, a cyanogenic glocuside, although the beans are rendered safe when cooked, and low-linamarin varieties are typically used for culinary purposes.