Details
Coumarin has been used as an aroma enhancer in pipe tobaccos and certain alcoholic drinks, although in general it is banned as a flavorant Food Additive, due to concerns regarding its hepatotoxicity in animal models.
Although coumarin itself has no anticoagulant properties, it is transformed into the natural anticoagulant dicoumarol by a number of species of fungi. This occurs as the result of the production of 4-hydroxycoumarin, then further (in the presence of naturally occurring formaldehyde) into the actual anticoagulant dicoumarol, a fermentation product and mycotoxin. This substance was responsible for the bleeding disease known historically as "sweet clover disease" in cattle eating moldy sweet clover silage.
Coumarin is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a precursor molecule in the synthesis of a number of synthetic anticoagulant pharmaceuticals similar to dicoumarol, the notable ones being warfarin (brand name Coumadin) and some even more potent rodenticides that work by the same anticoagulant mechanism. Coumarins are a type of vitamin K antagonists. Pharmaceutical coumarins were all developed from the study of sweet clover disease.
Specification
| ITEM |
STANDARD |
| APPEARANCE |
WHITE CRYSTALLINE |
| CONTENT |
99.9% |
| MELTING POINT |
69.4℃ |
| SOLUBLE |
IN PARAFFIN OIL ALCOHOL |
| INSOLUBLE |
INSOLUBLE IN WATER |
| ODOR DESCRIPTION |
HAY SWEETTONKA NEW MOWN HAY |
Application
Coumarin is found naturally in many edible plants such as strawberries, black currants, apricots, and cherries.
Coumarin is often found in artificial Vanilla substitutes, despite having been banned as a food additive in numerous countries since the mid-20th century. Coumarin was banned as a food additive in the United States in 1954, largely because of the hepatotoxicity results in rodents.[25] Coumarin is currently listed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States among "Substances Generally Prohibited From Direct Addition or Use as Human Food", according to 21 CFR 189.130,but some natural additives containing coumarin, such as the flavorant sweet woodruff are allowed "in alcoholic Beverages only" (21 CFR 172.510).In Europe, popular examples of such beverages are Maiwein (white wine with woodruff) and ?ubrówka (vodka flavoured with bison grass).
Coumarin is subject to restrictions on its use in perfumery as some people may become sensitised to it, however the evidence that coumarin can cause an allergic reaction in humans is disputed.
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