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Rice bran is a by-product of the rice milling process (the conversion of brown rice to white rice), and it contains various Antioxidants that impart beneficial effects on human health. A major rice bran fraction contains 7-12% oil and highly unsaponifiable components (4.3%).[citation needed] This fraction contains tocotrienols (a form of vitamin E), gamma-oryzanol, and beta-sitosterol; all these constituents may contribute to the lowering of the plasma levels of the various parameters of the lipid profile. Rice bran also contains a high level of Dietary Fibers (beta-glucan, pectin, and gum). In addition, it also contains 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (ferulic acid), which is also a component of the structure of non-lignified cell walls. However, some research suggests that there are levels of inorganic arsenic (a toxin and carcinogen) present in rice bran. One study found the levels to be 20% higher than in drinking water. Other types of bran (derived from wheat, oat or barley) contain less arsenic than rice bran, but not necessarily the same health benefits.
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