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zeaxanthin is less common in the human diet - coming from certain orange
and yellow fruits and vegetables. Meso-zeaxanthin is not found in the normal
human diet, and is thought to originate from lutein. The high concentrations
and specific uptake of the macular carotenoids is mediated by specific binding
proteins that draw them into the tissue and stabilize them.
Studies have shown that eating lutein- and zeaxanthin-rich foods or taking
supplements of these carotenoids can restore macular pigment density, which
declines with age. In fact, one such study of advanced macular degeneration
patients who were taking high-dose lutein supplements (4 mg or more per day)
experienced "normal" levels after a few months. A Harvard-led study demonstrated
that eating lutein-rich foods five days per week meant subjects were eight times
less likely to develop macular degeneration compared to those who consumed the
same foods just once per month.