| ≥1 piece |
Oleuropein has several pharmacological properties including antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , anti-atherogenic , anti-cancer , antimicrobial, and antiviral , and for these reasons, it is commercially available as food supplement in Mediterranean countries. In addition, oleuropein has been shown to be cardioprotective against acute adriamycin cardiotoxicity and has been shown to exhibit anti-ischemic and hypolipidemic activities .
Antioxidant activity
Oleuropein potently and dose-dependently inhibits copper sulphate-induced oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
oleuropein has both the ability to scavenge nitric oxide and to cause an increase in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the cell. A scavenging effect of oleuropein was demonstrated with respect to hypochlorous acid (HOCl)
Anti-inflammatory effect
It is well known that oleuropein elicits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting lypoxygenase activity and the production of leukotriene B 4 [ 48 ].
Anti-atherogenic effect
Visioli and Galli reported that Oleuropein shows anti-atherogenic activity
Reflow in ischemic hearts was accompanied by a prompt release of oxidized glutathione; in ischemic hearts pretreated with oleuropein, this release was significantly reduced and was accompanied by prevention of membrane lipid peroxidation, which is considered a key factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
Anti-cancer effect
oleuropein aglycone is the most potent phenolic compound in decreasing breast cancer cell viability. HER2 oncogene-amplified SKBR3 cells were ∼ 5-times more sensitive to oleuropein aglycone than HER2-negative MCF-7 cells.
Antimicrobial effect
Oleuropein and hydrolysis products are able to inhibit the development and production of enterotoxin B by Staphylococcus aureus , the development of Salmonella enteritidis and the germination and consequent development of spores of Bacillus cereus
Skin protectant
he phenol components of olive oil have a direct antioxidant action on skin, especially oleuropein, which acts as a free radical scavenger at the skin level.
Anti-aging
The proteasome, a multicatalytic nonlysosomal protease, has impaired function during aging, while its increased expression delays senescence in human fibroblasts.
Neuroprotective activity
a polyphenolic natural extract, such as oleuropein, could prove effective against age-dependent disease. The diagrammatic representation of the neuroprotective role of oleuropein is shown in Figure 5
Oleuropein is a phenylethanoid, a type of phenolic compound found in olive leaf from the olive tree together with other closely related compounds such as 10-hydroxyoleuropein, ligstroside, and 10-hydroxyligstroside. All these compounds are tyrosol esters of elenolic acid that are further hydroxylated and glycosylated. It is one of the main natural phenols found in argan oil.It is also found in the leaves of privet.
Oleuropein and its metabolite hydroxytyrosol have powerful antioxidant activity both in vivo and in vitro and give extra-virgin olive oil its bitter, pungent taste. Oleuropein preparations have been claimed for several pharmacological effects among them strengthening of the immune system. A study in rats suggests oleuropein enhances thermogenesis by increasing the thermogenin content in brown adipose tissue and the secretion of noradrenaline and adrenaline.Despite these potential health benefits, oleuropein is traditionally removed from Olives due to its bitterness.